Answer 1

1.
The "coding area" is the terminal, which is a graphical interface wrapping around your system's shell, which is turn is a text-based interface to your system.
For a list of commands your terminal implements, you can just look up "your distribution" + "commands", but most terminals also bring some form of help along, e.g. as a "help" command.
The most common shell under Linux is Bash, although there are probably multiple ones on your machine. Enter
echo $SHELL
in your terminal to see what shell you are currently running. The command
cat /etc/shells
returns a list of shells you have access to.
The terminal itself works with specific commands, which are not really a programming language itself, but you can write scripts for your shell, look into bash (or whatever other shell you have) scripting if it interests you.

Answer 2

2.
The symbol "~quot; simply means your terminal is ready and waiting to process the next command. Most interpreters have some kind of prompt symbol like this, another example would be ">>>".
The question which Linux distribution is best is an open-ended and highly opinion-based one and also depends on other factors, such as how you plan to use your system, how much Linux experience you have, and more. You can find a lot of articles or videos on the web dealing with this kind of question:

https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/best-linux-distros/

https://haydenjames.io/best-linux-distro/

https://itsfoss.com/best-linux-beginners/

I guess looking for a beginner-friendly distro would currently suit you the most. Myself, I went with Ubuntu for now (in dual boot with Windows) and found nothing wrong with it so far, but it's your choice in the end.

Answer 3

Hi Noo Naame.
As Shadow said, that's the terminal. I could recommend as beginner Linux distros: Ubuntu or Linux Mint. But I'd rather Ubuntu because you may easily install programs on it and besides it has a Software Center included, which is a kind of "app store", and it makes the things easier. To improve using Linux, your first step, I think, should be to learn basic commands such like: cd , pwd, mv, nano, touch, etc. Those commands are essentials to use Linux properly and after you cover that you may try with different distros such like: Deepin, Elementary OS, Arch Linux, and many others. Whose offer a lot of other features. I'm still a beginner by the way so that's all I can say about that.

Take care, See ya!