Answer 1

2 indicates that the length of year's value must be formatted with at least 2 place wide. If the year's value exceeds that, then 2 is ignored.

●●Example●●

If year = 2018;
Then the formatted output would be as

2018

By default, the formatted output is right-aligned which means that if the output length is less than 2, then the output fills up with space before the actual number.

●●Example●●

year = 8;
The output would be as

◼8

In case of floating point numbers, the general form is

%width.precision f

Same as before, width defines the whole length of the number including its decimal point but the precision part forces the fraction length to be exactly as it says.