Answer 1

Function sizeof() eturns size in bytes of the variable of some type.

E.g.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
cout << sizeof(char) << endl;
cout << sizeof(int) << endl;
cout << sizeof(string) << endl;
cout << sizeof(bool) << endl;

return 0;
}

// outputs
// 1
// 4
// 4
// 1

Further reference:
http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/sizeof