Answer 1

https://www.sololearn.com/Discuss/982383/according-to-you-tell-me-the-top-5-programming-languages-which-needs-in-hacking
https://www.sololearn.com/Discuss/931270/duplicate-which-programming-language-is-used-in-hacking
https://www.sololearn.com/Discuss/853388/duplicate-what-is-the-best-programming-language-to-hacking
https://www.sololearn.com/Discuss/801745/best-language-for-hacking
https://www.sololearn.com/Discuss/533630/what-is-best-language-for-hacking-and-how-i-can-a-hacker
https://www.sololearn.com/Discuss/419414/what-type-of-languages-does-these-hackers-know
https://www.sololearn.com/Discuss/298183/which-is-the-best-language-for-hacking
https://www.sololearn.com/Discuss/284853/hacking-language
https://www.sololearn.com/Discuss/112904/which-is-best-programming-language-for-hackers

Answer 2

um.... many. it depends on what your hacking.
Web Application:HTML(Hyper Text Markup Language), JavaScript, SQL(Structured Query Language)

HTML is the main and basic web structuring language.

SQL is what is used to communicate with databases.

JavaScript is what is run on most webpages such as pop-ups etc.

Application Cracking: Ruby, etc.
I'm not much of an application cracker but I know that this is a basic application language.