Answer 1

partition - part of physycal memory for data or group of data described by specific discriminator.

parallel - aproach how can procesor solve tasks... in serial way (task by task) or parallel way(multiple tasks in same time) in sql it is aproach how to process data...

infex - specific method for storing data more effectivelly... there are so many types of indexes in different systems of managing base of data... for example in sql server - clustered (replaces whole heap by b-tree), nonclustered (stores only defined data in tree), columnstore(stores data in segments not in roestore but in columnstore...) and more...

differences???
it is same question like: where is differences between apple and motorcycle...