Answer 1

The ref value needs to be initialized before you can pass it as an argument because the method works with exactly this value. For the out value It's sufficient to be declared. You have to initialize the out value before exiting the method or it won't work.

I wrote a little example. If you have further questions to it feel free to ask.

http://www.sololearn.com/app/csharp/playground/cBebRopne92g/