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If computer understands only binary then why octal and hexadecimal are used
3 Answers
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Because they make more easy visualization and operations between data than binary
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Hexadecimal and octaldecimal are for humans to read not machines. Binary can also get long really fast a 64 bit number has to obviously be represented with 64 binary digits meanwhile it takes a few hexadecimal characters.
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Conversion between binary and hex is easy (easier than binary to decimal) because hex is a power of 2.
Hex being very concise, with still a limited number of characters (ABCDEF) in addition to digits, it makes it much more readable and easy to memorize by humans than binary.