Answer 1

technically, you can write an OS / kernel with any language. I've met hackers who would first create their own programming language, with only assembly underlying the "new high level language", then build fairly complex custom OS based on the language.
in short, any decent language is converted to assembly, and then of course binary.
(note: pure interpretive language don't necessarily utilize assembly due to the absence of pre runtime translation, but python is much more than just an interpretive language, and with use of classes and objects, does access the hardware registers)