Answer 1

perhaps you need some example, but definition is this:

14.5. 

IfThenElseStatementNoShortIf:
if ( Expression )
StatementNoShortIf 
else 
StatementNoShortIf

StatementNoShortIf:
IfThenElseStatementNoShortIf
Block
...

Block:
{ [BlockStatements] }

//where shortif is IfThenStatement means if without else

//other version is

IfThenElseStatement:
if ( Expression ) 
StatementNoShortIf 
else 
Statement

Statement:
IfThenStatement
IfThenElseStatement
Block
...