Answer 1

Hi Clayton, this is usually part of a style guide. There are many and they differ quite a bit. Oftentimes style guides are subject to opinion (as to what we are being used to see) rather than fact.
What you suggest is a long form of so-called "Hungarian Notation". It is / was quite common in the late 90ies and early 2000s. Nevertheless, today there has been a shift to naming styles that care more for the actual meaning of the variable or function, e.g. see Google style guide: https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html