Answer 1

You must be entering input in separate lines, like this
string-input
integer-input
another-string-input

Because, cin.getline() does not trim the whitespaces in the input, it stops accepting input when it encounters a newline. See here
http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/istream/istream/getline/
"The delimiting character is the newline character ('\n') for the first form"

So in your code, after the integer is accepted, a newline is encountered and input ends there. Try giving input like this (separated by space)
string-input int-input another-string-input

Or, you can pass in another argument to cin.getline(), that is a character that would be used as delimiter. So for example
cin.getline(str, 50, '.')
would stop accepting input when '.' is encountered or there is no input left