Answer 1

The problem is that the "frontend" is the browser, and you can't really expect browser vendors to add support for 20 languages. It's a lot of work after all. Old Internet Explorer (IE10 and lower) had VBScript, but nobody else cared enough to implement it, so... yeah, that's no longer a thing.
Javascript does it's job well enough, so if you want to write code in another language, the best you can do is compile other code to javascript.
Javascript isn't a great compilation target and a bit quirky, so all the "other" frontend languages like Typescript or Coffeescript will naturally be very Javascript-like.
Luckily browser vendors are realizing that and so they developed WebAssembly, a very low-level language, meant to be a better compilation target. Support is still not great, but once the ball gets rolling, you will be able to write code in any language you want, compile it to WebAssembly, and run it on the web. So look forward to that!