Answer 1

In java: no, you have to create them, and inside the constructors of the derived class you call the base class' constructor, let me give you an example:

public class Vehicle {
int wheels;

public Vehicle(int w)
{
wheels = w;
}
}

public class Bike extends Vehicle {

String color;

public Bike(int wheels, String color)
{
//call super class constructor
super(wheels);
this.color = color;
}
}

In c++ I don't remember.