Answer 1

Here is an example:
class A{
public:
void print(){
cout << "I am A" << endl;
}
};

class B: public A{
public:
void print(){
cout << "I am B" << endl;
}
};

int main(){
B* b = new B;
b->print(); //It prints "I am B”
A* a = b;
a->print(); //It prints "I am A"
return 0;
}

HOWEVER, if in class A, the method print was declared as virtual, both calls to print would call B's print because the "real" type of the variable b (and a) is B. They are an instance of object B (because of new B)