Answer 1

i.e.

false is falsy
"false" is truthy

Answer 2

boolean false is falsy
string "false" is truthy
string "false" is not boolean false.
the truth or false value of variables depend on thier type and value,
the first false is boolean so its false
the second false is a string so its treated as truthy

Answer 3

what that means is, only objects of type Boolean that have a value of false or nil are false. when it says that "false" outputs true it is because the object is of type string, not of type Boolean. its value is not false, but instead ['f', 'a', 'l', 's', 'e'].