Algorithm / programming types

Question

I was solving some challenge in hackerrank web .
so I noticed a list in the left that contains dynamic programming , graph theory ..... that I ve never heard before when I was learning python .
so what we call this things and I need some sources to take a look at this term such as books , web ....
thanks in advance .

Answer 1

codeforces.com has lots of Algorithm Courses
for the GraphTheory : book: West is the best. :)
for another algorithms like DP, Sorts, DFS, BFS, Trees, ... you can search them.