Answer 1

http://www.openculture.com/freeonlinecourses#Computer Science Courses

https://www.ted.com/talks/shai_reshef_a_tuition_free_college_degree

www.coursera.org

www.stackoverflow.com

https://redditfavorites.com/books/programming/

https://www.42.us.org/

https://www.appacademy.io/

https://www.sololearn.com/discuss/510275/?ref=app

www.freecodecamp.org
www.w3schools.com
www.codewars.com

Answer 2

For web you have
freecodecamp which I really recommend: https://www.freecodecamp.org
also codecademy is a good place to get some extra basic knowledge (not all content is free though): https://www.codecademy.com

For python you have fairly good courses in coursera: https://www.coursera.org/specializations/python
or
https://www.coursera.org/specializations/introduction-scripting-in-python

java&c++ I am less familiar with, but for sure there are many good courses as well

If you finish freecodecamp or coursera you are basically ready for the job market :)

Answer 3

w3schools

Answer 4

i guess that book its more useful to learn how to code, and how think as a programmer! my opinion.

Answer 5

Really depends, what do you want to learn?