Answer 1

I assume that you meant arithmetic operations.
Basically, an arithmetic operation is operation on number(s). The basic ones are addition (a + b), subtraction (a - b), multiplication (a * b, a × b, a • b, ab) and division (a / b, a ÷ b, a : b). Then there are power (a ^ b, a ** b, aᵇ), root (ᵇ√a; ²√a = sqrt(a) = √a, ∛a = cbrt(a)), logarithm (logₐ(b); log₁₀(a) = lg(a), logₑ(a) = ln(a) [natural logarythm]), remainder/modulus [of division] (a % b, a mod b, c in "a ÷ b = c (mod d)"), maybe trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, cosecant, arc-_/inverse _, additional ones), etc.
About arithmetic operators in general: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic#Arithmetic_operations . Judging from your profile data and the "tuples" tag, you are learning Python, so there is a code (found when searched for "arthematic opetations", did not know that this spelling is relatively common): https://onecompiler.com/python/3vps2qru5 .