Answer 1

You can see here too
https://code.sololearn.com/WIIc1nw16ZGK/?ref=app

Answer 2

While your profile lists which badges you own/ don't own, it doesn't show you the progress of the badges. If necessary, you would have to keep track of it manually by yourself, for example when going for the Epic Badge. For the challenge related ones, there is a chart with your results if you scroll down all the way on your profile page.
However, for most of the badges I'd say following the progress is unnecessary. Most will happen eventually over time, and some of the rarer ones either happen or not. No need to try to force yourself to get a particular one.