Gathering general coding advises...

Question

Hi there,
the next exam is coming, starring C, CPP and Java.
Therefor i want to ask u, or the SoloLearn-Community for some general coding advises ... such as:
avoid type casting
using getter/setter
and so on ...
Are there any advises - no matter what language is used - to make programs more efficient?
Which classic Datatypes to use?
When to use pointer?
Lets gather all of these improving samples :)

Answer 1

This question is open and does not have a definite answer.
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Because this question does not fit Q&A, this thread will be deleted under classification Open-ended Question.