Answer 1

It probably depends in part on what you want to do with it. My guess is you'll want to do data collection or aggregation. The three cs are not known for that and are pretty low level. Java and JavaScript seem to be built for other things. I don't know about sql.
Python is a great starter, but you'll probably need to figure out what libraries you need. I assume numpy, pandas or other math/number based ones.
But just to reiterate. It depends on what you want to do.