Answer 1

https://github.com/llSourcell/How_to_make_a_language_translator
there's a video of him making it too. it's in the readme.
he uses machine learning, which is how Google does it too.
apparently the entire Google translate code is something like under 100 lines because it's just calling machine learning algorithms.
youtube video
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=nRBnh4qbPHI