Answer 1

Protypical methods are inherited by instances and bound to an instance when called.

For example, Array.prototype.forEach()

let arr1 = [1, 2, 3];
arr1.forEach(console.log);

Type method is called with the Type, for example, Array.from() and Number.ParseInt().

let nodelist = document.querySelectorAll("p");

let p_arr = Array.from(nodelist);

let inputString = document.querySelector("input").value;

let inputNumber = Number.parseInt(inputString);