Answer 1

Kotlin has C++ features that Java doesn't have or implements in an inconvenient manor. It's standard classes are based on Java's. Personally, I like to think of it as C++ done right. Java does many things in ways I don't like. C++ does everything in a way I like, but has design issues due to having to live with C's design and lets you code junk that crashes.

Answer 2

I think kotlin ,c++ and java are belong to c family this all have c style Syntex.
And for Kotlin it's run upon java virtual machine there are more than 50
Languages that run on jvm including kotlin and python.
So it is pretty much based on java.