Answer 1

Well u can create small codes like
A calculator
Rock paper scissors game
And even more
Here are some links below
https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/beginner-programming-projects/
https://knightlab.northwestern.edu/2014/06/05/five-mini-programming-projects-for-the-JUMP_LINK__&&__python__&&__JUMP_LINK-beginner/
Thanks
https://www.sololearn.com/discuss/1813790/?ref=app

Answer 2

These are quite simple
You can create a program that helps you to know if a given year is or isnt a leap-year.
A program that calculates how many years, months and days are in N days...
Have fun!